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Insight Best Practice of Management against Land Subsidence Disaster

Dalam dua puluh tahun terakhir ini di wilayah pesisir di Indonesia disajikan
sebuah fenomena pesisir bernama banjir rob atau coastal inundation akibat
dampak dari land subsidence dan sea level rise. Wilayah pesisir yang tercatat
mengalami banjir rob yang serius yaitu pesisir Pantai Utara Jawa atau
PANTURA, pesisir Pantai Timur Sumatera dan Pesisir Kalimantan. Menurut
hasil penelitian ditemukan setidaknya terdapat 112 Kabupaten Kota Pesisir
di Indonesia yang mengalami banjir rob. Lambat laun banjir rob kian meluas
dikarenakan masih terus terjadi Land Subsidence dan Sea Level Rise atau
kenaikan muka air laut, bahkan di beberapa tempat banjir menjadi
permanen, yang artinya daratan telah hilang menjadi lautan. Hal ini tentunya
menjadikan sebuah bencana yang nyata. Tidak sedikit kerugian materi yang
harus dikeluarkan akibat bencana banjir rob ini. Hitungan kasaran
konsekuensi biaya yang harus dikeluakan oleh Pemerintah sudah
menyentuh angka 1000 Trilyun Rupiah.

Karena sifat bencana-nya yang telah nyata menyebabkan kerugian, maka
banjir rob karena Land Subsidence serta Sea Level Rise harus kita sikapi
dengan serius, harus kita kurangi risiko bencananya melalui upaya
manajemen kebencanaan.

Langkah-langkah awal dalam rangka pengurangan risiko dilakukan oleh Pemerintah dengan cara pembuatan
tanggul di pesisir Pantai, meninggikan infrastruktur pesisir hingga
melakukan evakuasi penduduk pesisir di beberapa wilayah tertentu. Untuk
Langkah-langkah yang lebih ultimate dan best practice kedepannya, harus
dimulai dari pendalaman masalah, pemantauan dan pemetaan bahaya,
kemudian dilanjutkan oleh upaya prevensi, mitigasi dan atau adaptasi yang
lebih terukur.

Bertepatan dengan kegiatan bersama antara program LASII UNESCO
ANNUAL MEETING dan Pokja Nasional Land Subsidence Indonesia,
diselenggarakan acara Scientific Conference dengan tema “Insight Best
Practice of Management against Land Subsidence Disaster”, yang dalam hal
ini Institut Teknologi Bandung menjadi panitia penyelenggaran beserta
sponsor, melalui acara ini Kita dapat melihat bagaimana pembicara dari
berbagai negara memaparkan bagaimana kondisi land subsidence dan best
practice upaya penanganan bencananya di masing-masing negara. Melalui
acara ini kita dapat bertukar ilmu bertukar pengalaman tentang bagaimana
dapat mengurangi risiko bencana yang terjadi akibat land subsidence.

Secara garis besar dari pemaparan di conference memperlihatkan manajemen bencana yang ultimate akan melibatkan sisi non teknis berupa
keberadaan regulasi dan kelembagaan yang jelas, sehingga program dan
anggaran menjadi jelas pula. Dari sisi teknis manajemen disaster harus
dimulai dari pembangunan sistem monitoring, diagnosa masalah, pemetaan
potensi bencana, baru kemudian melakukan proses prevensi, mitigasi atau
pun adaptasi.

Sekali lagi karena sifat bencana-nya akibat land subsidence dan juga sea
level rise yang telah nyata menyebabkan kerugian yang tidak sedikit, secara
khususnya di Indonesia, maka kita harus bersama-sama menyikapinya
dengan lebih serius, harus kita berupaya semaksimal mungkin untuk
mengurangi risiko bencananya, salah satunya mengikuti beberapa rekomendasi dari hasil LASII UNESCO Scientific Conference.

Why Media Are Reluctant To Report On Climate

Dewi Safitri is a science journalist working for CNN Indonesia

As school students in Europe, US, Australia and several countries in Africa started organizing to strike for climate, a journalist colleague from Europe asked whether climate change is a big issue in Indonesia. Other colleague wanted to know whether Greta Thunberg, a petite sixteen years with a ponytail and Asperger syndrome turned climate activist, inspires Indonesian school children the way she does children around the world to demand better climate action?

Sadly, my answer to both is no. Thunberg, the youngest candidate ever nominated for Nobel Peace Prize, is little known in Indonesia. And whilst Indonesian media do cover climate issues, they rarely convey the insistence or urgency over climate-astute policy. In conclusion: neither climate change nor Thunberg are big in Indonesia.

Here are several arguments to explain the conclusion. Firstly, climate reporting is often of complex scientific reasoning. Just as not all men are created equal, not all journalists are eloquently knowledgeable with science behind the climate. If one must hazard a guess, those who have the grasp of climate science would be far fewer than those who don’t. Consequently, with less person in the newsroom understanding the climate there would be, you guess it: less coverage.

But even if half the newsroom are decorated with degrees in science, there is also funding and resources issues. Climate news often call for field reporting – going places with climate emergencies, or visiting disaster laden region caused by climate shift. Both can be long and costly. Whilst resources in most media today are in short supply, justifying a climate reporting can be hard. Especially, since readership or clicks for science news is difficult to guarantee. In other words: science reporting needs more resources but attracts less audience – again, not the best combination to encourage the newsroom to report on the subject.

Lastly, and this may be the real reason to why reporting on climate is such a daunting task, is because of the profound sense of bad news fatigue on audience across platforms. A largely practiced climate reporting is frequently conducted by shoring up threats of climate crisis: unless certain measures are taken, disasters are going to struck. It can be drought, flood, landslide, extreme weather, ruined crops, and so on. But most Indonesians are highly accustomed to the maladies above. Drought, flood and landslides are seasonal occurrences even before the term “climate change” is known. Climate change or not, this is already a real life for a severely troubled earth for Indonesia. So what is the incentive to push for more frightening narratives from the climate reporting – as if the barrages of headlines on corruption, political conflicts and sectarian clashes are not enough?

The American essayist Arthur Miller said a good newspaper is a nation talking to itself. And these horrific headlines, whilst it may feel like nightmares forced down on our consciousness, often times, if not most, are the only chance we have at a national conversation about our crisis. An environmental campaigner once told a story of the rampant logging in West Kalimantan concerning the only tiny pristine forest plot left. Local people in the area, including the security apparatus, were so used to trucks loaded with newly cut logs from trees aged older than teenagers going to and fro, not minding the fact that those are illegal logs. Not until a Jakarta-based national newspaper started to pick up the story and continuously hammered down the reports for several days and weeks that the government officials started to notice. The reporting changed the practice, at least then, since pressure was sent directly from Jakarta to the local government.

Media, concludes the campaigner, is the best alliance to fight for environmental causes. Conversely, when media choose to ignore an issue there is little hope for it to gain traction and public support. Whilst this may not sound like a rocket science (of course a campaign has less chance to succeed without media support!), many, especially those in the newsrooms, may not be aware of the fact. The First Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was completed in 1990 and broadly used by the UN to argue for a global climate astute policies. But nearly 20 years later, such policy is rarely unanimously accepted and sometimes even completely abandoned by prominent countries. The public need the constant reminders of how badly this would end for our children and grandchildren.

Even for mostly the Western media, it took more than two decades to catch up with the message. It is the climate Reporting behind the quick rise of Greta Thurnberg – only a year after she started to sit alone in front of the Swedish parliament in Stockholm bearing a placard saying Skolstrejk for Kilmatet (School strike for Climate). She has since spent her time sailing the Atlantic to the US and leading marches for climate in cities around the world. Thurnberg has given Climate Change a face, and media highlight this eagerly. Her near stoical gaze, small voice and insistent on “don’t trust me, trust the science!” is followed by hordes of journalistic crews everywhere. The movement has kicked the ball rolling so far that “Greta Effect” is believed to have created a greater urgency on climate issue than any other similar campaign before.

Whilst Indonesian media may not have the resources to follow suit, we can certainly start by stating the obvious: that we are highly vulnerable to climate threats. Seasonal reporting on natural disasters need to be strongly stressed as worsening signs of climate crisis. Extreme heat, why yes, it’s the climate. Prolonged draught, also a sure sign of climate problem. Drowned cities, absolutely part of climate effects. Saying it out loud and acknowledging it as the root cause of problems we face today will hopefully initiate the public conversation to solving the problem. It’s high time to kick the climate issue rolling.

This article has been published at the Opinion page of Jakarta Post newspaper dated Nov 23, 2019. Photo by the JakPost’ A Muh Ibnu Aqil


Best way To Present Climate News – According to AI*

Two weeks sitting next to great CNN training veteran John Gregory Mastrini I started to experiment few things on AI. This one comes from Perplexity, an App that gives you answers with reference. This is what it says when asked “what is the best way to present climate news”:

  1. Make it relevant: Audiences are more interested in climate change news when they can clearly see the negative effects of extreme weather where they live1. Therefore, it is important to make climate change stories feel more relevant to the audience. One way to do this is to focus on local impacts and how they affect people’s daily lives2.
  2. Use clear stories and engaging visuals: Environmental documentaries provide clear stories and engaging visuals that help audiences connect with what is a very large and sometimes abstract story1. Journalists can use similar techniques to make climate change stories more accessible and engaging.
  3. Avoid over-sensationalizing: Climate stories have to worry and concern the reader, while not over sensationalizing coverage and making the reader become news avoidant2. Therefore, it is important to strike a balance between informing the audience about the severity of the issue and avoiding alarmism.
  4. Quote scientists: Stories benefit from quoting scientists in particular as they are highly trusted and can lead to more credibility for a story2.
  5. Use visuals: People pay far more attention to television when it comes to climate change than to other forms of media, perhaps reflecting the power of the moving image to stir our emotions4. Therefore, using visuals such as photos, videos, and infographics can help to make climate change stories more engaging.
  6. Provide actionable information: Action – and, therefore, credible information to inform it – is needed before disaster1. Therefore, it is important to provide actionable information that can help people to take steps to mitigate the effects of climate change.
  7. Avoid misinformation: Misinformation on climate change is a problem3. Therefore, it is important to fact-check information and avoid spreading false or misleading information.

All references look solid: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism United Nations and International Journalists’​ Network (IJNet)

So I guess next question is: how long until AI started writing all of our news now?

*this post is written for Indonesian Journalists For Climate with AI illustration photo from Tara Winstead on Pexels.com


Cara Terbaik Memberitakan Berita Iklim – Menurut AI

Dua minggu duduk di samping trainer veteran CNN, John Gregory Mastrini, saya mulai bereksperimen dengan AI. Yang ini Perplexity, sebuah Apps yang menjawab pertanyaan dengan memberi referensi sumber. Inilah jawabannya ketika ditanya “apa cara terbaik untuk menyajikan berita iklim”:

1 Bikin beritanya relevan: audiens lebih tertarik dengan berita perubahan iklim ketika mereka dapat melihat dengan jelas dampak negatif cuaca ekstrem di tempat mereka tinggal1. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk membuat cerita perubahan iklim terasa lebih relevan bagi audiens. Salah satu cara untuk melakukan hal ini adalah dengan fokus pada dampak lokal dan pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan masyarakat sehari-hari2.

2 Gunakan story yang jelas dan visual yang menarik: film dokumenter lingkungan bercerita dengan jelas dan visual yang menarik yang membantu penonton terhubung dengan isu yang luas dan kadang abstrak1. Jurnalis dapat menggunakan teknik serupa sehingga berita iklim jadi lebih mudah diakses dan menarik.

3 Hindari pemberitaan sensasional: berita iklim kerap membuat pembaca khawatir dan prihatin, namun penting menghindari liputan yang terlalu sensasional sehingga membuat publik enggan mengkonsumsi berita2. Penting mencarai keseimbangan antara mengedukasi masyarakat tentang gawatnya isu iklim tapi tidak menakut-nakuti.

4 Menyambungkan dengan suara Ilmuwan: ilmuwan penting didengarkan karena mereka terpecaya dan ampuh untuk menaikkan kredibilitas liputan2.

5 Gunakan media visual: konsumen berita umumnya lebih memperhatikan konten siaran televisi dalam isu perubahan iklim dibanding pada platform media lainnya. Hal ini mungkin karena kekuatan gambar bergerak untuk menggerakkan emosi pemirsanya4. Karena itu penggunaan visual seperti foto, video, dan infografis dapat membantu membuat liputan perubahan iklim menjadi lebih menarik.

6 Memberi informasi tindakan aksi nyata: aksi nyata sangat penting dilakukan sebagai mitigasi sebelum terjadinya bencana1. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memberikan informasi yang dapat ditindaklanjuti yang dapat membantu masyarakat mengambil langkah-langkah mitigasi dampak perubahan iklim.

7 Waspada informasi sesat: berita sesat soal perubahan iklim jadi masalah serius3. Oleh karena itu, penting memastikan fakta informasi dan menghindari penyebaran informasi yang palsu atau menyesatkan.

Semua referensi untuk poin-poin di atas adalah sumber yang solid: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism United Nations and International Journalists’​ Network (IJNet)

Jadi pertanyaan relevan selanjutnya adalah: berapa lama lagi sampai AI bisa menulis semua berita kita sekarang?

*postingan ini ditulis untuk IJ4C dengan foto ilustrasi AI dari Tara Winstead di Pexels.com

Indonesia Needs More Climate Journalism, Now

Most recent survey by the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication on Indonesia found that only 53% of Indonesians believe climate change is happening. Only 35% of those believe that climate change is caused by human activities. These numbers are significantly lower than the global average. The survey also found that Indonesians are more concerned about the immediate impacts of climate change, such as droughts and floods – than they are about the long-term impacts, such as sea level rise and threat of missing islands.

In an archipelagic country of 17000 islands the findings are worrisome, to say the least. They suggest many Indonesians are less aware of the scientific consensus on climate change and therefore, are less able to build informed decisions to protect themselves and their communities from the climate crisis.

They also provide a strong argument for the need for wider climate journalism practice in Indonesia. Climate journalism can, and must, play a vital role in raising public awareness of climate change and its impacts.

There are ways that climate journalism can do so. One is to increase the number of journalists covering climate, in order to boost climate reporting. As of now, the number is relatively small. This often means climate change does not receive the attention it deserves in the Indonesian media.

Another way to improve climate journalism practice is to upgrade the quality of climate reporting. Lacking in training and resources are common occurrences in the newsroom that effectively hinders climate reporting. This can also lead to inaccurate or misleading reporting.

Finally, there is a need to make climate journalism more accessible to the Indonesian public. Much of the climate reporting in Indonesia is published in English-language media, which excludes a large portion of the population. There is a need for more climate reporting in Indonesian-language media, and in formats that are accessible to people with lower literacy levels.

Picture by Tom Fisk downloaded from Pexels.com


Indonesia Butuh Lebih Banyak Liputan Iklim, Sekarang Juga

Survei terbaru yang dilakukan Yale Program on Climate Change Communication di Indonesia menemukan bahwa hanya 53% masyarakat Indonesia yang percaya bahwa perubahan iklim sedang terjadi. Hanya 35% responden mempercayai perubahan iklim disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia. Angka-angka ini jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan rata-rata angka persepsi iklim global. Survei ini juga menemukan bahwa masyarakat Indonesia lebih khawatir terhadap dampak langsung perubahan iklim, seperti kekeringan dan banjir – dibandingkan dampak jangka panjang, seperti kenaikan permukaan laut dan ancaman hilangnya pulau-pulau kecil akibat tenggelam.

Di negara kepulauan dengan 17.000 pulau, temuan ini cukup mengkhawatirkan. Nampak bahwa Sebagian hamper separuh masyarakat Indonesia tak menyadari konsensus ilmiah mengenai perubahan iklim dan akibatnya, tak cukup cermat kalua harus membuat keputusan untuk melindungi diri dan komunitasnya dari dampak krisis iklim.

Temuan survey ini memberi alasan  kuat kenapa jurnalisme iklim sangat mendesak di Indonesia. Jurnalisme iklim bisa, dan harus, memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesadaran public tentang ancaman perubahan iklim dan dampaknya.

Ada beberapa cara untuk itu. Salah satunya dengan meningkatkan jumlah jurnalis yang meliput isu iklim, supaya pemberitaan iklim turut meningkat. Saat ini jumlahnya relatif kecil. Ini lah penyebab kenapa perubahan iklim sering tak mendapat perhatian yang layak di media di Indonesia.

Cara lain untuk meningkatkan praktik jurnalisme iklim adalah dengan meningkatkan kualitas pemberitaannya. Kurangnya pelatihan dan sumber daya merupakan kejadian umum di ruang redaksi yang secara efektif menghambat dilakukannya liputan perubahan iklim berkualitas. Persoalan ini juga bisa berujung pada pemberitaan tidak akurat atau menyesatkan.

Foto milik Tom Fisk diunduh dari Pexels.com

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